IDEA Category
IDEA Name and Description	WH Name	Notes
A&E Performance
A&E Performance
Accident
Accident
Hazardous material spill
Radioactive leak
Accuse
Accuse All accusations.
Criticize or denounce Blame, find fault, censure, rebuke, "whistle blowing," vilify, defame, denigrate, condemn and name-calling.
Agree
Agree All agreements not otherwise specified.
Agree or accept Accept invitations and proposals, not otherwise specified.
Agree to mediation Agree to or express willingess to accept mediation of a conflict. The target of this event form is the mediator.
Agree to negotiate Agree to or express willingness to engage in talks or negotiations.
Agree to peacekeeping Agree to or express willingness to accept peacekeeping forces in one's territory. Includes agreeing to weapons inspections.
Agree to settlement Agree to or express willingness to accept a comprehensive peace proposal, settlement or resolution.
Collaborate Form alliance, or associate with, merge, join, accompany, and coordinate activities; includes extraditions.
Animal attack
Animal attack
Animal death
Animal death
Animal illness
Animal illness
Cognitive state
Affective state
Beliefs and values
Cognitive state
Comment
Acknowledge responsibility Non-apologetically admit an error or wrongdoing, retract a statement without expression of remorse, or claim responsibility.
Comment Event narrations and all comments not otherwise specified.
Decline comment Explicit decline or refusal to comment on a situation.
Optimistic comment Comment on situation that is explicitly characterized as optimistic.
Pessimistic comment Comment on situation that is explicitly characterized as pessimistic.
Complain
Complain All disapprovals, objections and complaints not otherwise specified.
Formally complain Written and institutionalized protests and appeals, and all petition drives and recalls.
Informally complain Verbal protests and rebukes, and all other informal complaints.
Consult
Consult All consultations not otherwise specified.
Discussion Meetings (at any location), consultations and negotiations, in person or via telecommunications; includes talks, exchanges of gifts and other formal communications. This event form is a residual, not coded unless its sub-distinctions cannot be made.
Engage in negotiation Negotiate with other parties on particular issues.
Host a meeting Hosting a visitor at one's residence, office or home country.
Mediate talks Mediate between two or more parties; the source of this event form is the mediator.
Travel to meet The act of traveling to visit another location for a meeting or other event. Also includes the return travel.
Demand
Demand All demands and issuances of orders.
Demand aid Require or demand assistance or (material) support.
Demand ceasefire Require or demand halting of military engagement.
Demand information Require or demand information or investigation.
Demand mediation Require or demand that a third party to mediate a conflict.
Demand meeting Require or demand that a party meet to discuss or negotiate.
Demand policy support Require or demand policy (non-tangible) support.
Demand protection, peacekeeping Require or demand protection in form of military, police, or peacekeeping monitors/observers.
Demand rights Require or demand civil, political, cultural, socio-economic or human rights in general for persons or groups.
Demand withdrawal Require or demand withdrawal from an area.
Investigate human rights abuses Inquiring or searching into human rights abuses such as rape, torture, targeted assassinations, and violations of basic freedoms in general.
Investigate war crimes Inquire or search into military activities or war crimes such as military attacks, killings, massacres, or seizures.
Demonstrate
Armed force activation Activation of all or part of previously inactive armed forces.
Armed force mobilization All armed force mobilizations not otherwise.
Border fortification Explicit attempt to publicly demonstrate control over a border area.
Demonstrate Demonstrations not otherwise specified.	Demonstration met by police violence	Combined with 700 and 712
Demonstrate Demonstrations not otherwise specified.	Other form of protest	Combined with 700 and 702
Demonstrate Demonstrations not otherwise specified.	Protest demonstration	IDEA event forms are not actor bound so the WH regime target must be extracted in a post-coding procedure. WH events 702 and 712 are combined with 700.
Protest altruism Protest demonstrations that place the source (protestor) at risk for the sake of unity with the target.
Protest defacement Damage, sabotage and the use of graffiti to desecrate property and symbols.
Protest demonstrations All protest demonstrations not otherwise specified.
Protest obstruction Sit-ins and other non-military occupation protests.
Protest procession Picketing and other parading protests.
Deny
Deny All denials of accusations.
Economic activity
Default on payment
Economic activity
Government default on payments
Government transactions
Private default on payments
Private transactions
Transactions
Economic status
Balance of payments
Commodity prices
Corporate Earnings
Currency reserves
Downward trend in interest rates
Earnings above expectations
Earnings below expectations
Economic status
Equity prices
Equity prices down
Equity prices up
Exchange rates
Interest rates
Real estate prices
Upward trend in interest rates
Endorse
Apologize Express regret or remorse for an action or situation.
Empathize Express condolences, offer sympathy; includes attending funerals and other similar ceremonial events.
Endorse All endorsements not otherwise specified.
Forgive Express forgiveness and explicitly conciliatory actions to rebuild a relationship or rectify a situation. Includes pardons and the granting of amnesty.
Praise Praise, hail or laud someone, something or some practice/policy.
Ratify a decision Ratify or accede to an agreement or treaty; the target of a ratify event is the decision or document being ratified as opposed to the parties to the argreement.
Expel
Expel All expulsions.
Force Use
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Ambush	Added to WH in 1978
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Armed attack	combined with 706, 707, 740
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Attack by insurgents	combined with 705, 707, 740 IDEA distinguishes among actors in a post-coding procedure.
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Attack by the state	Combined with 705, 706, 740 IDEA distinguishes among actors in a post-coding procedure.
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Bombing	Added to WH in 1978. Combined with705, 706, 707. IDEA distinguishes among armed actions as such (223), artillery attack (2235), suicide bombing (2236), mine explosion (2237), vehicle bombing (2238), and missle attack (2239)
Armed actions Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory.	Raid	Added to WH in 1978
Armed battle Initiation of armed hostilities or engagement between two or more armed forces, includes truce violations (use as default for war and battles).
Artillery attack Use of short to intermediate range tank-mounted, ship-based or field guns and cannons, mortars and rocket-propelled grenades.
Assassination Murder that is explicitly characterized as political killing and assassination.	Assassination	combined with 708
Assassination Murder that is explicitly characterized as political killing and assassination.	Unsuccessful assassination	combined with 709
Beatings Beatings (physical assaults without the use of weapons).
Bodily punishment The infliction of bodily injury, death or pain for the explicit purpose of punishment. Contrast this physical sanction with force used to extract information (torture, code 2225).
Chem-bio attack Use of chemical or biological weapons.
Coups and mutinies Coups, mutiny and other rebellion by armed forces.	Irregular executive transfer	Combined with 717 and 719 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Coups and mutinies Coups, mutiny and other rebellion by armed forces.	Unsuccessful irregular executive transfer	Combined with 717 and 720 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Coups and mutinies Coups, mutiny and other rebellion by armed forces.	Unsuccessful regular executive transfer	Combined with 719 and 720 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Crowd control Mobilization or use of compliance force by police, military and others for crowd control.
Force Use All uses of physical force not otherwise specified. Includes material property destruction, acts of physical sabatage, and other acts of material damage not otherwise specified.	Political executions	IDEA treats this as use of force since WH excludes assassination in its defintion of political executions.
Mine explosion Land and underwater mine explosions.
Missile attack Launching of intermediate to long-range conventional ballistic missiles and aerial dropping of conventional explosive devices or bombs.
Nuclear attack Use of radioactive or nuclear weapons, both explosive and otherwise.
Physical assault All uses of non-armed physical force in assaults against people not otherwise specified.
Riot Civil or political unrest explicitly characterized as riots, as well as behavior presented as tumultuous or mob-like. This behavior includes looting, prison uprisings, crowds setting things on fire, general fighting with police (typically by protestors), lynch mob assemblies, ransacking offices, embassies, etc., football riots and stampedes.	Demonstration in Riot	combined with 704
Riot Civil or political unrest explicitly characterized as riots, as well as behavior presented as tumultuous or mob-like. This behavior includes looting, prison uprisings, crowds setting things on fire, general fighting with police (typically by protestors), lynch mob assemblies, ransacking offices, embassies, etc., football riots and stampedes.	Riot	combined with 703
Sexual assault Rape and other sexual assaults.
Small arms attack Shooting of small arms, light weapons and small explosives, including the use of all handguns, light machine guns, rifles and hand grenades.
Suicide bombing A bombing in which the bomber perishes during detonation of the explosive.
Torture Maiming and all other reports explicitly characterized as torture. Contrast this force used to extract information from physical sanctions for punishment (2223).
Unconventional weapons attack All uses of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons use, not otherwise specified. Includes all intentional, generic poisonings of individuals and groups (code to Chem-bio attack if a chemical or biological poison is identified). Also includes throwing corrosive materials (e.g., acid) at individuals. The detection by authorities of an unconventional weapon (e.g., finding anthrax spores) is coded to Security alert.
Vehicle bombing Bombing explicitly characterized as a vehicle bombing (car bombing, etc.), except for suicide bombings, which are coded separately.
Grant
De-mining Removal of land mines from an area or territory.
Demobilize armed forces Stand down or withdrawal of any armed force (includes military, police, crowd control, insurgent forces), reduce or eliminate arms or weapons.
Ease economic sanctions Lift, relax or lessen economic sanctions or penalties.
Ease military blockade Interrupt, suspend, terminate or lessen a military force blockade
Ease sanctions Interrupt, suspend, terminate or lessen a sanction, reduce fine or penalty, return property and withdrawal of troops.
Evacuate victims The removal of victims or their remains. The reported receipt of victims or remains constitutes a remove victims event with actors reversed.
Extend invitation Extend an invitation to visit. The reported receipt of such invitations constitutes an extend invitation event with actors reversed.
Grant All grants not otherwise specified. The reported receipt of such grants constitutes a grant event with actors reversed.
Grant asylum Grant asylum. The source of this interaction is the "protector" and the target of the interaction is the "protectee."
Improve relations Begin, improve or resume an activity or relations, extend diplomatic or other formal recognition.
Observe truce Observe or declare a truce or cease-fire during an armed (military) engagement.
Provide shelter Extend refuge or shelter to a victim or party in flight. This event form category contains sub-forms for more detailed coding whenever possible.
Relax administrative sanction Lifting, relaxation or lessening of administrative sanctions or penalties, including capital and corporal punishment.	Relaxation of political restrictions
Relax censorship Relax, ban or remove political censorship.	Relaxation of censorship
Relax curfew Relax or lift curfews, martial law and other such political restrictions.	Relaxation of martial law of curfew	Added to WH in 1978
Release or return Return, release, not otherwise specified
Return, release person(s) Release people from detention, arrest or abduction.	Release of arrested	Added in 1978
Return, release property Return or release previously controlled, confiscated property.
Human death
Human death	Deaths from domestic violence
Human illness
Human illness
Infectious human illness
Non-infectious human illness
Natural disaster
Drought
Earthquake
Extreme climactic condition
Flood
Hurricane
Natural disaster
Tornado
Tsunami
Volcano
Wildfire
Other animal incident
Other animal incident
Other human action
Elect representative	By-election	Combined with 714, 721, 722, 724, 725 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Elect representative	Election	Not coded in WH after 1977. Combined with 714, 722, 723, 724, 725 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Elect representative	Election of chief executive	Combined with 714, 721, 722, 723, 725 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Elect representative	Election to national legislature	Combined with 714, 721, 723, 724, 725 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Elect representative	Referendum	Combined with 714, 721, 722, 723, 724 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Elect representative	Renewal of executive tenure	Combined with 721, 722, 723, 724, 725. IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Executive adjustment All routine executive adjustments, including hirings and terminations, in both the public and private sector.	Executive adjustment	Combined with 716 and 718 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Executive adjustment All routine executive adjustments, including hirings and terminations, in both the public and private sector.	Regular executive transfer	Combined with 715 and 716 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Executive adjustment All routine executive adjustments, including hirings and terminations, in both the public and private sector.	Renewal and adjustment	Combined with 715 and 718 IDEA makes distinctions in modalities in in a post parse procedure.
Judicial actions
Other human action
Other human condition
Other human condition
Other incident
Other incident
Promise
Assure Assure or reassure that some promised or ongoing support or positive interest will continue.
Promise All promises not otherwise specified.
Promise economic support Promise of economic or financial assistance.
Promise humanitarian support Promise of emergency relief supplies or assistance.
Promise material support Promise of material support, including economic or financial assistance, armaments or armed assistance or emergency relief supplies or assistance.
Promise military support Promise of armaments or military assistance.
Promise policy support Promise of non-material support.
Promise to mediate Promise to or commit to mediate among adversaries.
Propose
Offer peace proposal Offer incentives for peace, suggest talks, propose resolution.
Offer to mediate Propose, suggest or offer to mediate.
Offer to Negotiate Propose or put forth plans to meet, negotiate or discuss a situation or an issue.
Propose All proposals not otherwise specified.
Reject
Break law All crime where the threat or use of force is not involved; includes "white collar" crime.
Defy norms Open defiance of laws and norms, civil disobedience. Also includes the establishment of alternative institutions.
Disclose information Publicly reveal personal or sensitive information, to "out" someone.
Impose censorship Limit or curb any expression of ideas, including material, objects that are considered obscene, objectionable or harmful.	Imposition of censorship
Impose restrictions Declare martial law or curfew, and the imposition of similar political restrictions on civil activities.	Imposition of martial law of curfew	Added to WH in 1978. Combined with 727.
Impose restrictions Declare martial law or curfew, and the imposition of similar political restrictions on civil activities.	Imposition of political restrictions
Political flight Flee, hide, defect or escape from capture or seizure.
Refuse to allow Disagree or object, refuse to allow or acknowledge, restrict or suspend liberties.
Reject All rejections not otherwise specified.
Reject ceasefire Reject a proposal or request to implement ceasefire, truce.
Reject mediation Refuse involvement of mediators, mediation initiatives.
Reject peacekeeping Reject a proposal or request to send or receive peacekeeping forces.
Reject proposal Rejections of particular proposals not otherwise specified.
Reject proposal to meet Refuse to meet, discuss, or negotiate.
Reject request for material aid Refuse to extend material aid.
Reject settlement Reject a proposal or request for a final, comprehensive settlement, peace proposal, resolution.
Veto Refuse to assent to formal rejection of legislative bill, recommendation or resolution.
Request
Ask for armed assistance Specific request for armed assistance, including peacekeeping forces.
Ask for economic aid Specific request for economic assistance.
Ask for humanitarian aid Specific request for humanitarian assistance.
Ask for material aid Ask for material assistance, economic aid and armaments.
Call for action Urge others to mobilize politically and calls for social action.
Investigate Investigate, not otherwise specified
Request All requests not otherwise specified.
Request an investigation Request an investigation or inquiry.
Request mediation Solicit, ask or call for third party/ies to mediate.
Request protection Ask for shelter or protection, seek asylum or request refugee status.
Request withdrawal or ceasefire Request withdrawal or ceasefire.
Solicit support Request political support or solicit political influence, including electoral campaigning and lobbying.
Reward
Extend economic aid Extending (must include the delivery) monetary aid and financial guarantees, grants, gifts and credit. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed.
Extend humanitarian aid Extending non-military / non-economic assistance, including civil training, development assistance, education & training. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed.
Extend military aid Extending military and police assistance, including arms and personnel, includes both military and police peacekeeping. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed.
Rally support Gatherings to express or demonstrate support, celebrations and all other public displays of confidence; includes protest vigils and commemorations.	Regime support demonstration
Reward All rewards not otherwise specified. The reported receipt of such rewards constitutes a reward event with actors reversed.
Sanction
Armed force blockade Use of armed forces to seal off a territory to prevent exit or entry of goods or personnel.
Break relations Formal severance of ties, including declarations of independence, divorce and protest resignations.
Declare war Formal or official statement that a state of war exists.
Halt discussions Halting of talks or other meetings not otherwise specified.
Halt mediation Halting of mediated talks or meetings.
Halt negotiation Halting of talks or other non-mediated meetings.
Reduce or stop aid Reductions or terminations of aid not otherwise specified.
Reduce or stop economic assistance Decrease or terminate provision of economic aid.
Reduce or stop humanitarian assistance Decrease or terminate provision of humanitarian aid.
Reduce or stop military assistance Decrease or terminate provision of military aid.
Reduce or stop peacekeeping Decrease or terminate provision of peacekeeping forces.
Reduce routine activity Reduction of routine and planned activities, including cancellations, recalls and postponements typically presented as a protest against the routine.
Sanction All sanctions not otherwise specified.
Strikes and boycotts Labor and professional sanctions reported as strikes, general strikes, walkouts, withholding of goods or services and lockouts.	Political strike	combined with 711
Strikes and boycotts Labor and professional sanctions reported as strikes, general strikes, walkouts, withholding of goods or services and lockouts.	Student strike	combined with 710
Seize
Abduction Abducting, hijacking and capturing of people.
Armed force border violation Belligerent crossing by armed forces, without engagement, of a recognized boundary.
Armed force occupation Use of armed forces to take over or occupy the whole or part of a territory.
Arrest and detention All arrests and detentions not explicitly characterized as either political or criminal.	Arrest	Added to WH in 1978
Covert monitoring Spying and other covert intelligence gathering operations.
Criminal arrests Arrests and detentions explicitly characterized as criminal.
Hijacking All commandeerings of vehicles.
Hostage taking and kidnapping Hostage taking or kidnapping of people.
Political arrests Arrests and detentions, explicitly characterized as political.
Seize All seizures not otherwise specified.
Seize possession Take control of positions or possessions.
Sports contest
Sports contest
Threaten
Armed force threats All threats to use armed force.
Give ultimatum Threats conveyed explicitly as an ultimatum.
Non-specific threats Threats without specific negative sanctions, including all intimidation, harassment and stalking.
Other physical force threats All threats to use non-armed, physical force.
Sanctions threat Threats of non-military, non-physical force social, economic and political sanctions.
Threaten All threats, coercive warnings not otherwise specified.
Threaten biological or chemical attack Explicit threat to use biological or chemical weapon against armed forces, a population or territory.
Threaten forceful attack Explicit threat to use armed forces in an attack or invasion.
Threaten forceful blockade Explicit threat to use armed ships, airplanes or forces to prevent entry or exit.
Threaten forceful occupation Explicit threat to use armed forces to occupy the whole or part of a territory.
Threaten nuclear attack Explicit threat to use a nuclear or radioactive weapon against armed forces, a population or territory.
Threaten to boycott or embargo Threaten to boycott or impose embargoes, restrict normal interactions presented explicitly as a protest or retaliatory measure.
Threaten to halt mediation Threaten to halt mediation activities.
Threaten to halt negotiations Threaten to halt unmediated discussions, negotiations, or meetings.
Threaten to reduce or break relations Threaten to reduce or formally sever ties.
Threaten to reduce or stop aid Threaten to reduce or stop the giving of aid.
Threaten war Explicit threat to declare a state of (military) war.
Warn
Alerts All alerts.
Armed force air display Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing of airborne armed force capabilities not involving combat operations.
Armed force alert Reported increase in the readiness of any armed force.
Armed force display All armed force displays not otherwise specified.
Armed force naval display Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing of naval armed forces not involving combat operations.
Armed force troops display Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing land based armed forces not involving combat operations.
Nuclear alert or test Reported increase in readiness of a nuclear force and nuclear testing.
Security alert The release of information relevant to citizen safety, generally initiated at the national level. This includes the issuing of Amber alerts, raising of the Terror Threat Level, precautionary evacuations of embassies, buildings, personnel, and the like.This also relates to the discovery any ams or dangerous situations (e.g., discovery of unexploded ordnance).
Warn All warnings.
Yield
Yield All yielding not otherwise specified.
Yield position Yield control of a location, retreat, give up possession of material.
Yield to order Surrender, yield to order, submit to arrest, cede power.